The Republic is situated in the northwestern part of the Caspian Lowlands. Kalmykia borders Dagestan in the south, Stavropol region in the southwest, Astrakhan Region in the east, Rostov Region in the west. The territory of Kalmykia is bounded in the southwest by the Caspian Sea, in the south and southeast by rivers Manych and Kyma, and in the northeast by the mighty Volga.

The total area of Kalmykia is 76 thousand square km. equal to the sum of territories of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. Its population is 320 thousand people. It is concentrated in 3 cities - Elista, Gorodovikovsk and Lagan. The capital of Kalmykia is Elista.

The climate of Kalmykia is dry and continental: summer is hot; winter is frosty and not snowy. Average winter temperature is 8-26 C below zero; average summer temperature is 22-24 C above zero.