Air
There are regular flights to Moscow, Yekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, etc. from Samara airport.
Train
There are regular trains to/from Moscow’s Kazansky station, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Orenburg, Saratov, Penza. There are also trains once a week to Adler and Anapa from Samara. You may also get to Samara by transit trains running from Ufa to Odessa, from Kharkov to Vladivostok, from Chelyabinsk to Odessa, from Ufa to Ulyanovsk, from Novosibirsk to Voronezh.
Bus
Regular services to Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Penza, etc. are available. Besides, there are also buses to Zhigulyovsk, Novokuibyshevsk, and Togliatti.
Boat
This is the most obvious way to get the Samara region and to travel between Volga region cities.