Konstantin Fyodorovich Yuon was born into a Swiss-German family in Moscow. His father was an employee and then the head of an insurance company, and his mother was an amateur musician.
From 1892 to 1898 Konstantin Yuon studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. K. A. Savitsky, A. E. Arkhipov, and N. A. Kasatkin were his teachers.
After graduation he worked in Valentin Serov's studio for two years. Later Konstantin Yuon founded his own studio and taught jointly with I. O. Dudin from 1900 to 1917. A. V. Kuprin, V. A. Favorskii, Vera Mukhina, the Vesnins brothers, N. D. Kolli, Royter, and Mikhail Grigorovich were among his students.
In 1903 Konstantin Yuon became one of the founders of The Union of Russian Artists. Besides, he was a member of the famous World of Art association.
From 1907 Konstantin Yuon worked as a stage designer and a graphic artist as well.
From 1925 Konstantin Yuon was a member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia. From 1948 to 1950 the artist headed the Research Institute on the Theory and History of Fine Arts at USSR Academy of Arts.
From 1952 to 1955 Konstantin Yuon was a professor at the Moscow V. I. Surikov Art Institute and some other educational institutions. From 1957 he was the first secretary of the board of the Union of Artists of the USSR. He got the Stalin Award (1943), the Order of Lenin, and several other awards and medals.
A memorial plate was set on the wall of the house (14-16, Zemlyanoi Val, Moscow), where the artist lived and worked.