Nadezhda Andreyevna Udaltsova studied painting in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture under K. F. Yuon (1909) and K. E. Keesh and continued it with Lyubov Popova in de La Palet's Academy under Andri Dunoyer de Segonzac, Henri Le Fauconnier and Jean Metzinger (1912-13) in Paris. After returning to Russia the artist worked in Vladimir Tatlin’s studio.
She was a member of the Jack of Diamonds group from 1914 and joined the Supremus group of Kazimir Malevich’ followers in 1915.

She worked together with Kazimir Malevich, Nina Genk, Lubov Popova, Alexandra Exter, Ivan Puni, Ivan Klyun, Olga Rozanova and other famous supremacists in the art communities in Verbovka and Skoptsa villages in 1915-1916. Her paintings of this period gravitate toward Suprematism and Kubizm.
After the October Revolution the artist taught in the Higher Art and Technical Studios and Institute of Art Culture. Having married the artist Alexander Drevin who influenced her a lot, she returned to figurative painting, especially landscapes. The couple travelled a lot around the USSR and visited, in particular, the Urals, Altai, and Armenia. Alexander Drevin and Nadezhda Udaltsova were members of of 13 art groups.
In 1938 Alexander Drevin was arrested and executed during Stalinist repressions. Nadezhda Udaltsova saved his paintings from confiscation and destruction by passing them off as her own during house-check.
Nadezhda Udaltsova and Alexander Drevin gave birth to the famous sculptor Andrey Drevin.
A crater on Venus was named after Nadezhda Udaltsova.
She was laid down to rest at Novodevichy Cemetery.