She entered Konstantin Yuon’s Drawing School and at the same time attended courses in Bolshakov's School of Painting and Sculpture. In 1910 the artist moved to St. Petersburg and became one of the most active members of the Union of Youth. In 1912 Olga Rozanova got acquainted with the futurist poets Velimir Khlebnikov and Alexey Kruchyonykh. She had an affair with Alexey Kruchyonykh: they cohabited and repeatedly broke up. The couple co-created the unique style of the Russian futuristic book. In 1913 — 1914 they published the book Tae Li Le using colour hectohraphic printing. In 1915 — 1916 they used a collage method in the futuristic book. In 1915 Olga Rozanova applied collage in illustration of The Abstruse Book by Kruchyonykh and Alyagrov and in an the art book War (1916) with Kruchyonykh’s poems.
 

In 1916 Olga Rozanova joined the Supremus art group headed by Kazimir Malevich. By that time her style developed from Kubizm and Italian Futurism to pure abstraction, with composition created by visual weight and correlation of colours. The same year Olga Rozanova with other Supremacist artists (Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Nina Genke-Meller, Lyubov Popova, Kseniya Boguslavskaya, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Ivan Kliun, Ivan Puni and others) worked in artels of the villages Verbovka and Skoptsy. Under the influence of Aleksei Kruchenykh she wrote abstruse verses. 
 

In 1917 Olga Rozanova created one of the masterpieces of abstract painting of the 20th century — the Green Band painting. 
 

After the October revolution of 1917 Olga Rozanova was engaged in reorganization of art and headed the industrial art department of the People's Commissariat for Education.
 

Olga Rozanova died of diphtheria on November 7, 1918. The artist was laid to rest at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Unfortunately, her grave was lost. Ivanovo-Voznesensk art school was named after Olga Rozanova.