Russian engineers from Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute reviewed several projects of shuttle rocket and space systems, designed for RosCosmos.
      
      “Shuttle rocket and space system-1” (SRSS-1) is a semireusable vertically fired carrier rocket based upon reusable aircraft-shaped winged primary stage, as well as upon expendable second stages and transfer orbit stages. Reusable winged primary stage moves by means of reusable liquid-fuel cruise engines.
      
      Engineers from Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute based their evaluation on following parameters: efficient reusability of the primary stage, types of demonstrators of recovery stages, and realization necessity.
      
      Reusable primary stage of SRSS-1 provides high level of safety and reliability and eliminates the need of jettison impact areas , which makes the project suitable for advanced commercial launches. These features are very important for Russia, the only country in the world, which launching sites are located on the continent. Experts recommend the project of Khrunichev design bureau – a family of reusable space rockets, working like modules and delivering a variety of useful things to low orbit.
      
      Source: Science & Technologies